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Washington is a shall-issue state. Licenses are issued at the local level by the sheriff or police department.
Any private sale of firearms in Washington is required to be completed through a Federal Firearms Licensed (FFL) and a background check is required. Firearms registration is required insofar as retail dealers must record and report all retail pistol sales to local police/sheriff and to the State Department of Licensing. For transfers of handguns to an individual without a valid Washington driver’s license or state identification card or who has not been a resident of the state for the previous consecutive 90 days, FFLs may not deliver the handgun until the transferee passes a background check or 60 days have elapsed since the date of the request, whichever occurs first.
It is unlawful for any person to “carry, exhibit, display, or draw any firearm or any other weapon apparently capable of producing bodily harm, in a manner, under circumstances, and at a time and place that either manifests an intent to intimidate another or that warrants alarm for the safety of other persons.” However, there are exemptions to the law, one of which is for any person acting for the purpose of protecting oneself or another against the use of presently threatened unlawful force by another.
Open carry is legal without a license for anyone at least 21 years old who is legally allowed to possess a firearm. Some areas are off-limits, including public schools and state courthouses. Based on the passage of SB 5038, open carry is also prohibited at the Capitol, any state legislative office, any public legislative hearing or meeting and within 250 feet of a permitted demonstrations. You must have a valid permit/license to carry a loaded handgun in any vehicle in Washington.
Concealed carry is legal for residents with a Washington Concealed Pistol License (CPL) and for non-residents with a license/permit from a state that Washington honors. CPLs are issued to residents and non-residents that are at least 21 years old. There is no current requirement to attend a firearms training course. Washington prohibits the carrying of a concealed handgun without a license except in a person’s abode or fixed place of business. In terms of reciprocity, Washington recognizes permits from other states that meet specific requirements.
Although Washington doesn’t have a specific castle law, the Washington State Supreme Court has ruled that there is no duty to retreat if a person is in a place he or she has the lawful right to occupy and is being assaulted.
Use of Force
The use force is justified in the following cases:
Justifiable Homicide
Homicide is justifiable when committed either:
Defending Against Violent Crime
No person shall be placed in legal jeopardy of any kind whatsoever for protecting by any reasonable means necessary himself or herself, his or her family, or his or her real or personal property, or for coming to the aid of another who is in imminent danger of or the victim of assault, robbery, kidnapping, arson, burglary, rape, murder or any other violent crime.
[Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.16.020, 9A.16.050 & 9A.16.110]
Carry Basics | |
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Chemical Spray/Pepper Spray? Is it legal to buy or use chemical spray/pepper spray in Washington? | Yes, any adult or anyone who is at least 14 years old and has the permission of a parent or guardian to do so, may purchase or possess a personal protection spray device. Pepper spray can be used by a party about to be injured, or by another lawfully aiding him or her, in preventing or attempting to prevent an offense against his or her person, or a malicious trespass, or other malicious interference with real or personal property lawfully in his or her possession, provided the force is not more than is necessary; or to reasonably detain someone who enters or remains unlawfully in a building or on real property lawfully in the possession of such person. The active ingredient of personal protection sprays must be either chloracetophenone (CN) or O chlorobenzylidene malonotrile (CS); or other agents commonly known as mace, pepper mace or pepper gas. |
Constitutional Carry? Does Washington allow constitutional carry? | No. Washington does not allow constitutional carry. |
Open Carry Permitted? Is open carry permitted in Washington? | Yes, without a license. Any person who is at least 21 years old and legally entitled to carry a firearm can open carry. Some areas are off-limits, including public schools and state courthouses. Based on the passage of SB 5038, open carry is also prohibited at the Capitol, any state legislative office, any public legislative hearing or meeting and within 250 feet of a permitted demonstrations. |
Gun Permit Licensure? If Washington requires a license to carry a concealed firearm, how are those licenses issued? | Washington is a shall-issue state. |
Minimum Age for Concealed Carry? What is the minimum age in Washington to get a concealed carry license? | The minimum age to carry concealed handguns in Washington is 21. |
Weapons Other Than Handguns Allowed? Can you concealed carry weapons other than handguns in Washington with a concealed carry license (or under permitless carry if applicable)? | No. Washington's CPL does not permit weapons other than handguns. |
Tasers or Stun Guns? Is it legal to own a taser or stun gun in Washington? | Yes. Stun guns and Tasers are legal to purchase and possess for self-defense, without a license. Washington prohibits carrying stun guns and Tasers onto public or private K-12 school property, buses, or facilities, if the devices are meant to be used as weapons to injure someone. The law doesn’t apply to police or school security officers, or to adult non-students who keep stun guns or Tasers in their cars while they're conducting legitimate business at the school. However, they are illegal to purchase or possess in Ruston, Washington. |
MAGAZINE LIMITS FOR HANDGUNS? Does Washington have magazine capacity restrictions for handguns? | Yes. On March 23, 2022, Gov. Jay Inslee signed SB 5078 into law, prohibiting the manufacture, importation, distribution, selling and offering for sale of rifle and pistol magazines that hold more than 10 rounds. It went into effect on July 1st, 2022. |
AMMUNITION RESTRICTIONS? Does Washington have ammunition restrictions? | No. No handgun ammunition types are specifically forbidden in Washington. |
Carry Locations | |
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CARRY IN VEHICLE? Can you carry a concealed handgun in a vehicle in Washington? | Yes, only with a Washington Concealed Pistol License or a license/permit from a state that Washington honors provided:
Without a license, firearms must be transported locked within the vehicle and concealed from view from outside the vehicle. |
CARRY AT ROADSIDE REST AREAS? Can you carry a concealed firearm at roadside rest areas in Washington? | Yes with a Washington Concealed Pistol License or a license/permit from a state that Washington honors. |
CARRY IN STATE/NATIONAL PARKS, STATE/NATIONAL FORESTS AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS (WMAS)? Can you carry a concealed firearm in state/national parks, state/national forests and Wildlife Management Areas in Washington? | Yes, with a Washington Concealed Pistol License or a license/permit from a state that Washington honors. See the National Parks webpage for links to each Park in Washington. [Wash. Admin. Code 352-32-120][Wash Admin. Code 332-52-145][Wash. Admin. Code 220-500-140] |
CARRY IN BARS/RESTAURANTS THAT SERVE ALCOHOL? Can you carry a concealed firearm in bars and restaurants that serve alcohol in Washington? | With a Washington Concealed Pistol License or a license/permit from a state that Washington honors, you may concealed carry only in areas of the restaurant where persons under the age of 21 are allowed. However, concealed carry is not allowed in bars or the bar areas of restaurants. |
CARRY/POSSESS AT A HOTEL? Can you carry or possess a firearm on hotel property in Washington? | Washington statutes don't specifically address firearms at hotels. Please note that each hotel develops their own policies and the individual hotel should be contacted to inquire about it's concealed carry policy. See the Handguns at Hotels page for additional information. |
STORE IN A VEHICLE IN AN EMPLOYEE PARKING LOT? Does Washington have laws relating to storing firearms in private vehicles in an employee parking lot? | Not addressed in Washington state law. |
Key State Laws | |
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NON-RESIDENT PERMITTING? Does Washington issue concealed carry licenses to non-residents? | Yes. Washington allows non-residents to apply for a CPL. |
PUBLIC ACCESS TO CONCEALED CARRY REGISTRY? Does Washington allow the public to access concealed carry registry information through public records law? | No. The public has no access to Washington's concealed carry database. |
Duty to Inform Officer You're Carrying? Do you have a duty to inform a police officer that you're carrying a concealed firearm in Washington? | There is no duty to inform a law enforcement officer that you're carrying a concealed firearm in Washington unless the officer asks. |
DRIVER'S LICENSE LINKED TO Carry License? Is my Washington driver’s license linked to my Washington carry license? | Yes. Your Washington driver’s license is linked to your Washington concealed pistol license. Therefore, a law enforcement officer will be notified immediately that you are a concealed carry license holder if they run your driver’s license. |
"No Weapons Allowed" Signs Enforced? Are "No Weapons Allowed" signs enforced in Washington? If yes, violating the sign would be considered to be a crime. If no, violating the sign would not be considered a criminal offense. | No. Washington state law does not uphold "No Weapons Allowed" signs. |
Preemption? Does Washington have preemption laws related to concealed carry (i.e. Does state law supersede local laws regarding the possession of handguns)? | Yes, the state has preemption of firearms laws in Washington, except cities may:
In addition, the Washington Supreme Court has held that a municipal employer may regulate or prohibit a municipal employee’s possession of firearms while on the job or in the workplace. |
Red Flag Law? Does Washington have a red flag law? | Washington has a red flag law. An immediate family member of a person or a law enforcement office or agency may file a petition requesting that the court issue an extreme risk protection order prohibiting a person from having in his or her custody or control, purchasing, possessing, or receiving a firearm. |
Brandishing? Does Washington state law define brandishing? | No definition of brandishing was found in Washington law.However, any person who aims any firearm, whether loaded or unloaded at or towards any other human being or willfully discharges any firearm in a public place where any person might be endangered thereby shall be charged with a crime. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry, exhibit, display, or draw any firearm, dagger, sword, knife or other cutting or stabbing instrument, club, or any other weapon apparently capable of producing bodily harm, in a manner, under circumstances, and at a time and place that either manifests an intent to intimidate another or that warrants alarm for the safety of other persons. |
Carry While Using Alcohol or Drugs? Does Washington have laws regarding carrying a concealed firearm while using alcohol or drugs? | Not addressed in state statutes. As a responsibly armed American, regardless of the laws in your state, it is unwise to carry while under the influence of any substance that could impair your judgement, slow your reaction times, or impact your decision-making abilities. Any decision you make while carrying a firearm could have life-altering consequences. |
"Assault Weapons" Ban? Does Washington have laws regarding semi-automatic rifles? | Yes. Effective April 25, 2023, Washington prohibits the sale, manufacture, and import of assault weapons in Washington state while allowing reasonable exemptions for manufacture and sale to law enforcement and the military. The legislation does not prohibit the possession of assault weapons. You can find more information here. |
Handgun Purchase & Possession | |
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PURCHASE PERMITS? Is a permit required to purchase a handgun in Washington? | No, however, per I-1639, as of July 1, 2019, purchasers of semiautomatic rifles are required to show proof of attending a firearm safety training program. |
BACKGROUND CHECKS FOR PRIVATE GUN SALES? EXCEPTIONS? Are background checks required for private gun sales in Washington? Are there exceptions? | Yes. Private buyers and sellers must conduct a firearms transaction through a federally licensed firearm dealer (FFL). However, the following transfers are exempt:
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WASHINGTON LICENSE EXEMPTS FROM BACKGROUND CHECK? Does my current Washington concealed carry license exempt me from needing a background check when I purchase a firearm? | No. |
WAITING PERIOD? Is there a waiting period after purchasing a handgun in Washington? | There is no mandatory waiting period for handguns. However, Washington allows 10 days to complete a background check on a prospective handgun purchaser prior to delivery of the handgun. If the purchaser does not have a valid permanent Washington driver's license or state identification card or has not been a resident of the state for the previous consecutive 90 days, then the time period in this subsection shall be extended from ten business days to 60 days. |
HANDGUN REGISTRATION? Do handguns need to be registered in Washington? | No. However, retail dealers must record and report all retail pistol sales to local police/sheriff and to the State Department of Licensing. |
MINIMUM AGE TO POSSESS AND TRANSPORT? What is the minimum age to possess and transport a handgun in Washington? | You must be at least 18 years old to possess or transport a handgun in Washington. [Wash. Rev. Code 9.41.042][Wash. Rev. Code 9.41.060][Wash. Rev. Code 9.41.240] |
POSSESS A HANDGUN ON MY PRIVATE PROPERTY WITHOUT A LICENSE? Can I possess/carry a handgun in my home without a license? | Yes. It is legal for anyone legally entitled to carry a firearm to carry a loaded firearm without a license in a person's place of abode or fixed place of business. |
Washington Gun Laws: What You Should KnowUSCCA - NOVEMBER 7, 2024
Basic Concealed Carry Laws: WashingtonUSCCA - SEPTEMBER 13, 2020
The right of the individual citizen to bear arms in defense of himself, or the state, shall not be impaired, but nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing individuals or corporations to organize, maintain or employ an armed body of men." ARTICLE 1, § 24
Which states' permits does Washington honor?
Idaho (Enhanced permits only)
Montana (Enhanced permits only)
North Dakota (Class 1 permits only)
South Dakota (Enhanced permits only)
Utah (regular [not provisional] permits only)
In order for Washington to recognize other states’ concealed weapons permits, Washington state's reciprocity law (RCW 9.41.073) dictates that the other state must:
Residents must have a Washington Concealed Pistol License (CPL) in order to carry in the state.
Which states honor permits from Washington?
Alabama (permitless carry, at least 19 years old)
Arkansas (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Idaho (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Indiana (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Montana (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
New Hampshire (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
North Dakota (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
South Dakota (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Vermont (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Note: Firearms must be carried in accordance with the laws of the state you are visiting. Be sure to check the laws of the other state before traveling there with your firearms.
Washington offers resident and non-resident licenses. If indicated with “Resident only” below, that state only honors Washington resident licenses (and not those issued to non-residents).
Alaska (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Arizona (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Florida (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Georgia (Permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Iowa (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Kansas (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Kentucky (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Louisiana (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Maine (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Michigan (at least 21 years old and resident permits only)
Mississippi (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Missouri (permitless carry, at least 19 years old, 18 for military)
Nebraska (Permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Ohio (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Oklahoma (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
South Carolina (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Tennessee (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Texas (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Utah (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
West Virginia (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Wyoming (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Alabama (permitless carry, at least 19 years old)
Alaska (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Arizona (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Arkansas (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Florida (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Georgia (Permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Idaho (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Indiana (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Iowa (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Kansas (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Kentucky (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Louisiana (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Maine (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Mississippi (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Missouri (permitless carry, at least 19 years old, 18 for military)
Montana (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Nebraska (Permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
New Hampshire (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
North Dakota (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Ohio (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Oklahoma (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
South Carolina (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
South Dakota (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Tennessee (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
Texas (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Utah (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Vermont (permitless carry, at least 18 years old)
West Virginia (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Wyoming (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
*PC-18 = permitless carry if at least 18 years old
*PC-21 = permitless carry if at least 21 years old
Permitless carry includes constitutional carry states as well as states where an individual must meet certain qualifications, e.g., no DUIs in the last 10 years, in order to legally carry (Tennessee). Each state determines the requirements and any limitations on the carry of firearms. Check each state’s page for more information and any restrictions that may apply.
Requirements: | An applicant must:
*Consult with an attorney if you have any questions about your eligibility. If you don’t have an attorney, you can find one by contacting the State Bar of Washington. |
Fees: | Initial license $36 + fingerprint fee Renewals $32 |
Valid For: | 5 years |
Processing Time: | 30 days; 60 days without a Washington drivers license. |
Application: | |
Non-Resident Concealed Carry Licenses: | The process is the same as for a resident of Washington but cannot be done via mail and requires that you appear in person at any local law enforcement agency in Washington. [RCW 9.41.290] |
Name/Address Changes: | Contact your local sheriff's office with documentation of your new address. The fee for a replacement license is $10. |
Lost/Stolen Licenses: | Apply in person for a replacement at your local sheriff's office. The fee for a replacement license is $10. |
Residency Changes: | Moving to Washington and interested in applying for a resident license? How soon can you apply?Washington issues resident and non-resident licenses, so you can apply for your license at any time. Washington law requires that once a person becomes a resident of Washington, he or she must obtain a Washington concealed pistol license to continue carrying a concealed pistol. He or she must apply in person at a local law enforcement office. Moving from Washington and have a Washington resident license? Does that license transfer to your new state? Is there a grace period during which your Washington license remains valid?If a person with a Washington concealed pistol license establishes residency in another state, the license is valid until it expires provided the individual contacts the local sheriff's office with documentation of their new address. |
How to Apply for a Washington Concealed Carry License
Washington does not require the applicant to complete a firearms safety course or otherwise demonstrate knowledge of firearms safety prior to issuance of a pistol license. However, the USCCA recommends that anyone who makes the choice to carry a concealed firearm obtain as much training as possible in order to be a responsibly armed American.
Find a USCCA Certified Instructor or Firearms Training Class Near You
How to Renew a Washington Concealed Carry License
Law enforcement officers (LEOs) and Retired LEOs (RLEOs) may choose to carry under the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA), often referred to as HR 218. Under 18 U.S. Code §§ 926B & 926C, qualified LEOs and qualified retired LEOs, or those separated from service in good standing, can carry a concealed firearm in any jurisdiction in the United States, regardless of state or local laws, with some exceptions. For details check out our Federal Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA) page.
Per RCW 9.41.060, Washington RLEOS enjoy the same privileges as if they held a Concealed Pistol License. No background check is required and the privilege is valid so long as the retired officer has the appropriate documentation from the Washington agency the RLEO retired from and so long as the RLEO has not been convicted or found not guilty by reason of insanity of a crime making him or her ineligible for a concealed pistol license.
Per RCW 36.28A.090, the Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs (WASPC), as required by this statute, developed a firearms qualification. It is important to note that no background check is required for officers to exercise their privilege under LEOSA.
Although Washington does not have a single qualification standard, WASPC recommends that officers use the qualification course currently specified by the Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission (WSCJTC). There is no permit, per se, that is issued to officers. Retired officers should carry their retired officer credentials and proof of firearms proficiency.
Links
WHERE CAN'T I CARRY A CONCEALED FIREARM IN WASHINGTON? Places off-limits even with a permit/license |
On March 23, 2022, Gov. Jay Inslee signed HB 1630 into law, restricting the possession of weapons in certain locations. These include open carry and concealed carry at school board meetings and ballot counting area. Open carry is prohibited at local government meetings and at election-related sites. It will go into effect on July 1, 2022. |
WHERE CAN I CARRY A CONCEALED FIREARM IN WASHINGTON? |
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WHAT ARE THE KNIFE LAWS IN WASHINGTON? | It is illegal to own a switchblade or other spring-blade knife in the state of Washington. It is legal to open carry any type of weapon, so long as it is not carried in a way that may cause alarm, although open carry is prohibited at the Capitol, any state legislative office, any public legislative hearing or meeting and within 250 feet of permitted demonstrations. It is illegal to carry a dirk, dagger or other dangerous weapon concealed. It is illegal to possess any weapon in elementary or secondary schools or school buses. Other places where knives are prohibited include law enforcement facilities, jails, correction facilities, court facilities, and any portion of an establishment classified by the state liquor and cannabis board as off-limits to persons under 21 years of age. Municipalities may have additional restrictions including Seattle, Tacoma and Vancouver which prohibit the open or concealed carry of any "dangerous knife" which is defined as a knife with a blade longer than 3 and ½ inches. [RCW 9.41.250, 9.41.270, 9.41.280 and 9.41.300] |
CARRY WHILE BOW HUNTING? Can you concealed carry while bow hunting in Washington? | Yes, however the handgun cannot be used to hunt big game or dispatch wounded big game during an archery big game hunting season. |
HUNTER HARASSMENT LAW? Is there a Hunter Harassment Law in Washington? | Yes. It is illegal to obstruct the lawful taking of fish, shellfish, or wildlife. |
WEAR A COVID MASK & CARRY? I can legally carry a concealed firearm in Washington, but can I wear a COVID 19 protective mask while carrying concealed? | There is no known statute in Washington making it illegal to wear a COVID mask while carrying concealed. In addition, County Sheriff’s have reminded the public that it is still legal for citizens with concealed carry licenses to have their firearm during the COVID-19 pandemic, even if they are covering their face with a mask. |
CARRY WHILE GUN HUNTING? Can you concealed carry while shotgun/rifle hunting in Washington? | Yes, Any person engaging in a lawful outdoor recreational activity such as hunting, fishing, camping, hiking, or horseback riding, only if, considering all of the attendant circumstances, including but not limited to whether the person has a valid hunting or fishing license, it is reasonable to conclude that the person is participating in lawful outdoor activities or is traveling to or from a legitimate outdoor recreation area. |
Date | Details |
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2022-03-24 | Added SB 5078 and HB 1630 |
2021-05-19 | Added info on driver's license link to permit in At A Glance table |
2021-05-13 | Added information about open carry based on the signing of SB5038 |
2020-09-03 | Added information on Self Defense in the Summary |
Here at the USCCA, it is our mission to provide responsible gun owners with the tools they need to be educated and trained. Our team is constantly working to provide you with the most up-to-date and comprehensive list of self-defense laws available for every state.
If you have any questions that you don’t see answered here — let us know! Just email support@uscca.com and we will be sure to get your question resolved. Your feedback matters to us, and we appreciate you helping to make this page the best possible resource for responsible gun owners!
Permit numbers were obtained from the Crime Prevention Resource Center’s publication entitled, “Concealed Carry Permit Holders Across the United States.” Numbers include resident and non-resident permits for those states that issue both.
The information contained on this website is provided as a service to USCCA, Inc. members and the concealed carry community, and does not constitute legal advice. Although we attempt to address all areas of concealed carry laws in all states, we make no claims, representations, warranties, promises or guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of the information disclosed. Legal advice must always be tailored to the individual facts and circumstances of each individual case. Laws are constantly changing, and as such, nothing contained on this website should be used as a substitute for the advice of a lawyer.
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